Age distribution characteristics of intestinal segmented filamentous bacteria and their relationship with intestinal mucosal immunity in children / 中国当代儿科杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To investigate the age distribution characteristics of intestinal segmented filamentous bacteria (SFB) in children and their relationship with intestinal mucosal immunity.@*METHODS@#The fresh feces of 177 children and the ileocecal fluid of 47 children during colonoscopy were collected. The SFB was determined by real-time PCR. The concentration of secretory immunoglobulin A (sIgA) was determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The numbers of interleukin 17A (IL-17A) cells and intraepithelial lymphocytes in the terminal ileum mucosa and the expression of transcription factors associated with the differentiation of T helper (Th) cells, T-box transcription factor (T-bet), forkhead box P3 (FOXP3), and retinoid-related orphan receptor gamma t (ROR-γt), were determined by immunohistochemistry.@*RESULTS@#The positive rate of intestinal SFB in these children was 19.2% (34/177). Trend analysis showed that the positive rate of SFB was correlated with age: the rates for children aged 0-, 1-, 2-, 3-, 4-, 5-, 6-, and 7-15 years were 40%, 47%, 32%, 15%, 12%, 13%, 15% and 4% respectively (P<0.001). The concentration of sIgA in intestinal fluid was significantly higher in SFB-positive children (n=24) than in SFB-negative children (n=23) (P<0.01). The number of intraepithelial lymphocytes in the terminal ileum mucosa and the expression of T-bet, FOXP3, and ROR-γt were not significantly different between the SFB-positive group (n=12) and the SFB-negative group (n=11), but the number of IL-17A cells in the terminal ileum mucosa was significantly lower in the SFB-positive group than in the SFB-negative group (P<0.05).@*CONCLUSIONS@#Intestinal SFB colonization in children is age-related, and the colonization rate is relatively high in children under 3 years old. In SFB-positive children, the secretion of intestinal sIgA is increased, while the number of IL-17A cells in the terminal ileum is reduced.

Infantile polycystic kidney disease: a case report and literature review / 中华儿科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To summarize the clinical characteristics, diagnosis, treatments and outcomes of perinatal autosomal recessive polycystic kidney disease.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The clinical data of one case with infantile polycystic kidney disease diagnosed in perinatal stage and the reports of 11 cases seen in the past 15 years searched in Pubmed, OVID and Elsevier and CNKI, Wanfang database by using the polycystic kidney disease, infant, perinatal, autosomal recessive and case report as keyword were reviewed and analyzed.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The infant was characterized by huge kidneys, severe respiratory and renal compromise. The kidneys were symmetrically enlarged and highly echogenic by ultrasonographic examination and showed high-signal intensity on T2-weighted images by MRI. Histologic analysis showed pulmonary hypoplasia, numerous dilated and elongated tubular structures in the kidney and dilated intrahepatic biliary ducts. Among the 12 cases, 8 cases' presumptive diagnosis was made by prenatal ultrasound revealed enlarged kidneys and oligohydramnios. All cases suffered respiratory distress after birth, and 5 cases complicated pneumothorax. 6 cases died in neonatal stage because of respiratory failure.1 case died 2 m after birth because of renal failure. Five cases are alive and underwent dialysis, nephrectomy or renal transplant.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Newborn infants with perinatal autosomal recessive polycystic kidney disease often have poor outcome and died from respiratory and renal failure. Aggressive respiratory support and renal replacement therapy (including nephrectomy, dialysis and transplantation) may give these infants a favorable outcome.</p>

Changes in tight junction protein expression and permeability of colon mucosa in rats with dextran sulfate sodium-induced inflammatory bowel disease / 中国当代儿科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To develop an experimental rat model of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) by administration of dextran sulfate sodium (DSS), and to observe changes in the tight junction protein expression and permeability of colon mucosa.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Male Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were randomly divided into control (n=27) and IBD model groups (n=27). In the IBD model group, IBD was induced by 6-day administration of 3% DSS in water followed by 14-day administration of water only. The control group was fed with water only. Pathological changes in colon mucosae were observed on days 7, 14 and 21 after DSS administration. Colon tissue specimens were collected on day 21 for measuring myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity. The transepithelial electric resistance (TEER), transepithelial potential difference (TEPD) and short circuit current (Isc) of the specimens were measured by Ussing chamber. Real-time PCR and Western blot were used to measure the mRNA and protein expression of tight junction proteins in colon epithelia.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>In the IBD model group, diarrhea, hemafecia and weight loss were seen. Inflammation occurred mainly in the distal colon and was characterized by crypt abscess and inflammatory cell infiltration. The IBD model group showed significantly increased MPO activity (P<0.01), significantly decreased TEER (P<0.01) and TEPD (P<0.01), and significantly increased Isc (P<0.01) compared with the control group. No claudin 2 expression of mRNA and protein was detected in the control group, and they were expressed in the IBD model group. The expression levels of claudin 3, occludin and ZO-1 in the IBD model group were significantly decreased compared with in the control group (P<0.01).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>IBD rats show colonic barrier dysfunction and changes in the expression of tight junction proteins. The changes in the expression of tight junction proteins may contribute to colonic barrier dysfunction in cases of IBD in the chronic recovery stage.</p>

Effect of zinc deficiency on intestinal mucosal morphology and digestive enzyme activity in growing rat / 中华儿科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>In this study, a growing rat model of zinc deficiency was established to investigate the effect of zinc deficiency on intestinal mucosal morphology and digestive enzyme activity as well as to provide a scientific basis for zinc supplementation therapy in patients with diarrhea.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>Three-week-old weaned Sprague-Dawley male rats (n = 30) were randomly divided into 3 groups with 10 in each: rats in the control group (ZA) were fed with a normal diet containing 30 µg/g zinc; rats in the zinc deficient group (ZD) were fed with a zinc-deficient diet containing 0.4 µg/g zinc (refer to AIN-76 formula); and rats in the paired fed group (PF) were fed with a normal diet, but the food intake was limited to intake of rats in ZD group in the previous day. All rats were provided with deionized water for drinking. Their body weight was measured and the food intake during the previous day was recorded early in the morning of the following day. Symptoms of zinc deficiency, such as anorexia, diarrhea, dermatitis, and growth retardation, were observed. Two weeks later, the rats were sacrificed and serum zinc concentration was measured. Jejunal mucosa was taken for biopsy and was stained with hematoxylin and eosin (HE). The height ratio of the jejunal mucosal villi and crypts was measured. In addition, the activity of lactase in the jejunal mucosal brush border, γ-glutamyl peptidase (GGT), and aminopeptidase N (APN) were measured.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>The average weight of the rats in the ZA, ZD, and PF groups at the beginning of the experiment was (67.4 ± 5.3) g, (64.7 ± 4.8) g, and (66.5 ± 4.1) g, respectively, and the average daily food intake was (11.2 ± 1.0) g, (11.6 ± 1.6) g, and (11.2 ± 1.4) g, respectively. The intergroup differences were not significant. On the 7(th) day of experiment, no significant differences in average food intake were observed between the ZD group and the ZA and PF groups, but the average body weight in the ZD group was significantly lower than that in the ZA and PF groups (P < 0.01). At the end of the experiment (2 weeks), the average weight in the ZD group (112.0 ± 11.5) g was significantly lower than that in the ZA (164.0 ± 15.9) g and PF groups (137.5 ± 16.2) g. The average food intake in the ZD group (13.4 ± 5.1) g was significantly lower than that in the ZA group (18.2 ± 2.4) g (P < 0.01). Serum zinc level in the ZD group (733 ± 231) µg/L was significantly lower than that in the ZA (1553 ± 159) µg/L and PF groups (1457 ± 216) µg/L (P < 0.01). The height ratio of jejunal mucosa villus and crypt in the ZA, ZD, and PF groups was 2.98 ± 0.5, 2.77 ± 0.5, and 2.81 ± 0.7, respectively, and lactase activity was (26.1 ± 15.0) U/mg, (27.4 ± 12.8) U/mg, and (40.8 ± 18.5) U/mg, respectively, without significant intergroup differences. The GGT activity in the jejunal mucosa in the ZD group (12.7 ± 6.5) U/g was significantly lower than that in the ZA (19.1 ± 10.4) U/g and PF groups (18.5 ± 7.7) U/g, but the difference was not significant. The activity of APN in the jejunal mucosa in the ZD group (25.5 ± 7.5) U/g was significantly lower than that in the ZA (48.7 ± 16.8) U/g and PF groups (43.9 ± 14.5) U/g (P < 0.01).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Zinc deficiency can cause loss of appetite, weight loss, and decreased activity of peptidase in the jejunal mucosal brush border. Zinc deficiency has little effect on the height ratio of the villus and crypt and lactase activity, thereby indicating that zinc deficiency may first affect protein digestion and absorption.</p>

Roles of enteric nervous system neurotransmitters and interstitial cells of Cajal in the colon in slow transit constipation in rats / 中国当代儿科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To evaluate the roles of enteric nervous system neurotransmitters, nitric oxide (NO), substance P (SP) and vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP), and interstitial cells of Cajal (ICC) in the colon in slow transit constipation in rats.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Thirty-two healthy Wistar rats were randomly assigned to control and constipated groups. In the constipated group, the rats were daily administered with diphenoxylate (8 mg/kg) to develop slow transit constipation, while the control rats were fed with water. The number and the weight of fecal granule and the body weight of rats were recorded every 5 days for 90 days. Transit functions of intestinal movement were examined by an activated charcoal suspension pushing test one week after stopping the administration of diphenoxylate. The levels of NO and SP in the colonic mucosa were measured by nitrate reductase methods and ELISA respectively. The distribution of VIP and ICC positive cells confirmed with symbolic c-kit+ cells in the colonic wall were observed by immunohistochemical methods.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The daily number of fecal granule in the constipated group was significantly less than that in the control group (P<0.01). The mean weight of each fecal granule in the constipated group was significantly higher than that in the control group (P<0.01). The discharge time of the first granule of black faeces in the constipated group (430.2+/- 132.1 min) was significantly longer than that in the control group (337.2+/- 74.7 min; P<0.05). There were no significant differences in NO and SP levels and the density of VIP positive cells in the distal colonic segment between the two groups. The number of c-kit+ cells in the distal colonic wall in the constipated group was significantly reduced compared with that in the control group (P<0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>The reduction of ICC number in the distal colon may be contributed to the pathogenesis of slow transit constipation in rats.</p>

Establishment of animal model with B lineage acute leukemia in nude mice for evaluation of new therapeutic agents / 浙江大学学报·医学版

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To establish an acute leukemia animal model for testing new therapeutic agents in vivo.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Nude mice were intraperitoneally injected with 2 mg cyclophosphamide, 24 h later 5 x 10(6) acute B-cell leukemia Nalm-6 cells was inoculated via the tail vein, then monitored daily. When animals were paralyzed or dying, the organs including the liver, spleen, lung, heart, kidney, brain, bone marrow, pancreas, testes were removed and fixed with formalin, examined by routine histopathology.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>After Nalm-6 cells were inoculated the mean survival of mice were( 19.4+/-0.55)d (n=6). The paralysis of mice was followed by weight loss, bent spines, hogback, cachexia and death. Histopathological examination showed that the tumor cells infiltrated liver, spleen, kidney, lung, meninges, interior cerebrum, the liver and kidney were the most affected organs.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>B lineage acute leukemia animal model has been successfully established in the nude mice, which is suitable for testing new therapeutic agents.</p>

Effect of preoperative transcatheter arterial chemo-embolization on activity of cell proliferation in Wilms; tumor / 浙江大学学报·医学版

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the effect of preoperative transcatherter arterial chemo-embolization (TACE) on the cell proliferation in Wilms; tumor.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Forty-one cases of Wilms; tumor diagnosed by histopathology were divided into two groups: in TACE group, 23 patients received TACE first and were operated 2 weeks later; in control group, 18 patients were operated alone. A comparative analysis of the pathological finding was made in two groups, and the expression of PCNA and VEGF in tumor tissue was detected by immunohistochemistry.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>The degeneration of tumor tissue such as tumor cell necrotic, broken, disappearance occurred in 17 cases of TACE group and in 4 cases of control group, respectively (P <0.01). The expression of PCNA in TACE group and in control group was 1/23 (4.3 %) and 9/18(50.0 %), respectively (P <0.01). VEGF was expressed in 7/23 (30.4 %) of TACE group and 9/18 (50.0 %) of control group (P=0.283).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>TACE can significantly inhibit proliferation and enhance degeneration of Wilms; tumor cells.</p>

Effect of intravenous immunoglobulin and vitamin C on progression of experimental autoimmune myocarditis in mice / 浙江大学学报·医学版

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To evaluate the effect of intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) and vitamin C on the progression of experimental autoimmune myocarditis(EAM).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Fifty-two Balb/c mice were randomized into six groups: The blank group received no treatment, the remaining 5 groups were immunized with 100mug emulsified porcine myosin at d 1 and d 7. Different agents were injected from d 1, SVitC group:150 mg/kg*d(-1)vitamin C; LVitC group: 300 mg/kg*d(-1)vitamin C; IVIG group: 1 g/kg*d(-1)IVIG; IVIG+VitC group: 1 g/kg*d(-1)IVIG and 150 mg/kg*d(-1)vitamin C; The control group same volume of normal saline. All mice were sacrificed at d 21, and serum TNF-alpha levels were detected with enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The ratio of heart to body weight(C/W), spleen to body weight(S/W) and kidney to body weigh(R/W) were calculated. The spleens and heart were examined pathologically and/or immunohistochemically.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>Compared with those of control group, inflammatory cells infiltration in the myocardium and calcification in the pericardiume in SVitC and LVitC groups were extenuated. There were inflammatory cells infiltrating in the myocardium sparely and no calcification in the pericardium in IVIG and IVIG+VitC groups. The size of spleens enlarged especially in IVIG and IVIG+VitC groups. White and red pulps of spleens were hyperplastic microscopically. The C/W of treatment groups decreased significantly compared with that of control group. The S/W of therapy groups and control group was significantly higher than that of blank group; and the S/W of IVIG and IVIG + VitC groups was significantly higher than that of SVitC and LVitC groups. The R/W in each groups had no significant difference. The TNF-alpha level in SVitC and LVitC groups was a little lower than that in control group; TNF-alpha level in IVIG and IVIG+VitC groups was significantly lower than that of control group. Wide fluorescence stripe was found along extracellular matrix surrounding the damaged cardiomyocytes of control group. Both density and intensity of fluorescence in SVitC and LVitC groups were lower than those of control group. There were much wider fluorescence stripe and strengthened intensity in IVIG and IVIG + VitC groups. The myofilaments were in wild disorder and sarcomere had severe breakage in control group. Moreover, chondriosome hypertrophy and vacuolar degeneration were found. The damage lessened in SVitC and LVitC groups. Both myofilaments and sarcomeres in IVIG and IVIG + VitC groups were almost normal, and the chondriosome was normal.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>IVIG and vitamin C have some protective and therapeutic effect on the progression of EAM by decreasing pathological damage of myocardium and depressing TNF-alpha production, and IVIG combined with vitamin C is more effective.</p>

The relationship between postoperative complication and pathological features of 324 patients with neuronal intestinal malformations / 中华外科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the relationship between the morphological features of different types of neuronal intestinal malformations (NIM) and their postoperative complications.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The data of morphological and clinical features of 324 cases with NIM were analyzed retrospectively.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>In all 324 patients, 210 cases were Hirschsprung's disease (HD), 38 intestinal neuronal dysplasia (IND), 45 mixed HD/IND, 8 hypoganglionosis, 22 combined HD/hypoganglionosis and 1 immaturity of ganglion cells. The percentages of normal neuron in bowel of different NIM were 88.1%, 24.4%, 18.4%, 4/8, 27.7% and 0/1 in HD, HD/IND, IND, hypoganglionosis, HD/hypoganglionosis and immaturity of ganglion cells respectively. There were totally 46 cases complicated with recurrent postoperative enterocolitis (EC). Incidence of recurrent postoperative EC in HD patients was 6.7% while in IND/HD and IND patients was 35.6% and 28.9%, respectively. Incidences of EC in cases with the residual IND margins and with the normal margins were 38.2% and 8.7%, respectively. Incidence of EC in cases with transanal endorectal pull-through procedure and with transabdominal procedure was 18.0% and 8.3%, respectively. Nine cases underwent another procedure because of severe persistent constipation or EC after operation, including 4 cases HD/IND, 1 case IND, 3 cases HD and 1 case HD/hypoganglionosis.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Neuron distribution is inconsistent with pathology of NIM. Postoperative EC are rare in the patients only with isolated HD. Furthermore, margins with residual IND and transanal endorectal pull-through procedure are risk factors to recurrent EC. However, the extension of excision about IND is uncertain and need further study.</p>

Pathophysiology of bleomycin-induced pulmonary hypertension in immature rabbits / 浙江大学学报·医学版

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the evolution of pulmonary hypertension induced by intratracheal bleomycin (BLM) in immature rabbits.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Immature rabbits were divided into control and BLM groups. Two and four weeks after intratracheal normal saline or BLM, the systolic, diastolic and mean pulmonary artery pressure (PASP, PADP, MPAP) were measured by micro-catheter, the pathological changes and the expression of VEGFmRNA and eNOSmRNA of endothelial cells in pulmonary arteries were evaluated by HE and in situ hybridization.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Pulmonary artery pressure was elevated 2 weeks and 4 weeks after intratracheal BLM. Two weeks after treatment PASP was (16.5 +/- 2.9 compared with 25.2 +/- 7.0) mmHg, PADP (8.8 +/- 4.2 compared with 13.1 +/- 3.8) mmHg, MPAP (12.1 +/-4.0 compared with 18.4 +/-4.7) mmHg in control and BLM groups, respectively; meanwhile 4 weeks after treatment, PASP was (16.7 +/-2.3 compared with 23.8 +/-7.1) mmHg, PADP (7.3 +/-1.5 compared with 13.8 +/-6.6) mmHg, MPAP (11.3 +/- 1.9 compared with 17.6 +/- 6.3) mmHg in control and BLM groups, respectively. The thickness of arterial wall increased and the cavity became narrow, and the thickness index (TI) and area index (AI) increased in middle and small pulmonary arteries 2 weeks and 4 weeks after intratracheal BLM. Two weeks after treatment TI was 0.52 +/- 0.16 compared with 0.65 +/- 0.16, AI 0.74+/- 0.17 compared with 0.84 +/- 0.14 in control and BLM groups, respectively; meanwhile 4 weeks after treatment TI was 0.52 +/- 0.11 compared with 0.64 +/- 0.15, AI 0.71 +/- 0.15 compared with 0.85 +/- 0.10 in control and BLM groups. The levels of VEGFmRNA and eNOSmRNA expression in pulmonary arterial endothelial cells decreased 2 weeks and 4 weeks after intratracheal BLM. Two weeks after treatment VEGFmRNA was 0.83 +/- 0.09 compared with 0.45 +/- 0.11, eNOSmRNA 0.79 +/- 0.12 compared with 0.45 +/- 0.12 in control and BLM groups, respectively; meanwhile 4 weeks after VEGFmRNA was 0.81 +/- 0.19 compared with 0.46 +/- 0.15, eNOSmRNA 0.89 +/- 0.14 compared with 0.44 +/- 0.12 in control and BLM groups, respectively.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Intratracheal bleomycin may induce the pathological changes of pulmonary arteries and decrease the expression of VEGFmRNA and eNOSmRNA in immature rabbits, which results in pulmonary hypertension.</p>

Effect of VEGF gene transfer on the bleomycin-induced pulmonary hypertension in immature rabbits / 浙江大学学报·医学版

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the effect of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) gene transfer on the bleomycin(BLM)-induced pulmonary hypertension in immature rabbits.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Immature rabbits were divided into 4 groups; control, BLM, liposome and trans-gene groups. The systolic, diastolic and mean pulmonary artery pressure (PASP, PADP, MPAP) were measured by micro-catheter, the pathological changes and the expression of VEGFmRNA and eNOSmRNA of endothelial cells in pulmonary arteries were evaluated by HE stain and in situ hybridization.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>(1) The PAP of BLM and liposome groups was higher than that of control and trans-gene groups. The PASP was 16.5+/-2.9, 25.2+/-7.0, 24.4+/-6.0 and 18.3+/-2.7 mmHg; the PADP was 8.8+/-4.2, 13.1+/-3.8, 13.7+/-4.6 and 10.2+/-2.6 mmHg; the MPAP was 12.1+/-4.0, 18.4+/-4.7, 18.4+/-5.1 and 14.1+/-2.5 mmHg in control, BLM, liposome and trans-gene groups respectively. (2) The thickness of wall increased and the cavity became narrow, and the thickness index (TI) and area index (AI) increased in middle and small pulmonary arteries of BLM and liposome groups. The TI was 0.52+/-0.16, 0.65+/-0.16, 0.63+/-0.11 and 0.55+/-0.13; and the AI was 0.74+/-0.17, 0.84+/-0.14, 0.85+/-0.08 and 0.79+/-0.12 in control, BLM, liposome and trans-gene groups,respectively. (3) The level of VEGFmRNA and eNOSmRNA expression in pulmonary arterial endothelial cells decreased in BLM and liposome groups. The level of VEGFmRNA and eNOSmRNA expression in trans-gene group was higher than that in BLM and liposome groups, but lower than that in control group. VEGFmRNA was 0.83+/-0.09, 0.45+/-0.11, 0.45+/-0.13 and 0.65+/-0.18; eNOSmRNA was 0.79+/-0.12, 0.45+/-0.12, 0.50+/-0.14 and 0.56+/-0.08 in control, BLM, liposome and trans-gene groups, respectively.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>VEGF gene transfer in immature rabbits with BLM-induced pulmonary hypertension could attenuate the increasing of PAP and wall thickness in middle and small pulmonary arteries, and increase the level of VEGFmRNA and eNOSmRNA expression in pulmonary arterial endothelial cells.</p>

Anti-inflammation and anti-oxidation effects of recombinant human superoxide dismutase on acute lung injury induced by meconium aspiration in infant rats / 浙江大学学报·医学版

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the anti-inflammation and anti-oxidation effects of recombinant human CuZn superoxide dismutase(rhSOD) on acute lung injury (ALI) induced by meconium aspiration in rats.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>1 ml/kg of 20% human newborn meconium suspension was intratracheally (IT) administrated to induce the model of ALI in 32 male Sprage-Dawley rats, and the animals were then randomized to 4 groups: 3 treatment groups with IT administration of 5, 10 and 20 mg/kg rhSOD dissolved in 1 ml/kg saline and the control group with IT administration of 1 ml/kg saline. The animals were killed after 24 h of treatments. The measurements included lung tissue wet/dry ratio, broncho-alveolar lavage fluid (BALF) protein, BALF protein/plasma protein (pulmonary permeability index, PPI),lung myeloperoxidase (MPO) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, nitric oxide (NO) and 8-isoprostane levels. Lung injury score was also evaluated.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Compared with the control group, pulmonary MPO activity, NO and 8-isoprostane levels were significantly decreased and SOD activity was markedly increased in all rhSOD treatment groups (P<0.05 or 0.01). Compared with the rhSOD 5 mg/kg group, pulmonary 8-isoprostane level was further low in the rhSOD 20 mg/kg group(P=0.01). Lung injury score was decreased in rhSOD 20 mg/kg group (P<0.05). But there were no statistically differences in lung wet/dry, BALF protein and PPI among all groups.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The results suggest that a single IT dose of 5,10 or 20 mg/kg rhSOD can prevent lung damages in rats with ALI following meconium aspiration.</p>

Clinicopathologic features of kaposiform hemangioendothelioma / 中华外科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To explore the clinicopathologic features of kaposiform hemangioendothelioma (KHE).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The clinicopathologic data were studied in three cases of KHE and review the literatures.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Two cases were female and one was male. All cases occurred in infancy. Two tumor located in axillary chest wall and one in lumbar region. All of the three patients had Kasabach-Merritt syndrome. Histologically, the tumor was composed of spindle-shaped cells. in all cases nodular growth pattern was seen. Immunohistochemically, Neoplastic spindled cells expressed CD34 and CD31. Associated lymphangiomatosis was present in two cases. Two tumors were resected completely, one was resected partly. the follow-up period ranged from 6 months to 3 years, and all were alive.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Kaposiform hemangioendothelioma is a rare locally aggressive vascular tumor that mainly occurred in early infancy. It is frequently complicated by Kasabach-Merritt syndrome, and it has features common to both capillary hemangioma and Kaposi sarcoma. The prognosis of KHE is determined by the size, location and the hemorrhage degree of vascular tumor. Better outcome might be achieved in patients with KHE of the skin and in the soft tissues under the skin. It appears that the main treated measure should be wide local excision.</p>

An experimental study of ultrasound-phoresis of Chinese herb in accelerating fracture healing / 中华物理医学与康复杂志

Objective To explore the effect of uhrasound-phoresis of Chinese herb in the treatment of frac- ture healing on rats.Methods The animal model of femur fracture was established in 36 rats,who were divided in- to 4 groups after operation.The rats in the ultrasound group were given ultrasound treatment daily.The herbal group was given Chinese herb applied on the fracture site.The experimental group was given uhrasound-phoresis of Chinese herb on the site of fracture.The control group was housed without any treatment.All rats were sacrificed at 30 days and the bony callus were harvested and observed with histological anti immunohistoehemical examination.Results The histological examination showed that the appearance of cartilaginous and bony callus in the experimental group were earlier than those in other groups,Immunohistochemical examination showed that the expression of collagenⅠin the experimental group was significantly higher than that in ultrasound group and herbal group(P

Histopathological changes of duodenal salami ulcer in children / 中华儿科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>Duodenal salami ulcer is a common disease found on routine endoscopic examination in children. The purpose of the study was to explore the characteristics and the clinicopathological features of duodenal salami ulcer in children and to deepen the understanding of duodenal salami ulcer.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The endoscopic results of 117 cases with the duodenal salami ulcer were analyzed. The specimens of gastric antrum and duodenal bulb were subjected to HE and Giemsa staining and were examined for any alteration in histopathology and infection with Helicobacter pylori (Hp). The duodenal mucosa was stained with AB (pH 2.5)/PAS in order to diagnose the duodenal metaplasia.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The major endoscopic finding was a kind of hoarfrost, which was dotty or flaky, covered on the hyperemic and edematous mucosa. The detection rate of this change was 2.29% (117/5 106) of all the endoscopic examinations in children and the rate among cases with duodenal ulcer was 49.2% (117/238). The histopathology was characterized by a heavy infiltration of mainly lymphocytes, plasmocytes and neutrophilic granulocytes, frequently accompanied by superficial erosion. Sixty-one cases were pathologically diagnosed as chronic active duodenitis, superficial erosion in 45; chronic duodenitis in 50; eosinophilic duodenitis in 6. Detection rate of Hp in gastric antrum was 58% (68/117) of all cases. Detection rate of Hp infection and gastric epithelium metaplasia in duodenal bulb was 11.1% (13/117) and 31.1% (37/117), respectively. However, detection rate of Hp in gastric antrum was 25.0% (1 203/4 810) in 4 810 cases of normal duodenal bulb and chronic duodenitis in the same period. Detection rate of Hp in duodenal bulb was 0% and the detection rate of gastric epithelium metaplasia in duodenal bulb was 2.7% (128/4 810). All these detection rates were much higher than those of the specimens collected during the same period with normal duodenal bulb and chronic duodenitis (P < 0.001). Twenty-one cases were reexamined by endoscopy after having been treated with antacids or antacids and antimicrobial agents for 4 weeks. The lesions were healed up and no scars were found.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Duodenal salami ulcer in children had a special manifestation of duodenal inflammation or erosion but not a real ulcer. It was caused by the Hp infection in gastric antrum or duodenal bulb and the increase of gastric acids. The therapeutic principles were antacid and antimicrobial agents. The prognosis was good.</p>

Expression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor at acute inflammatory injury of the brain / 浙江大学学报·医学版

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the expression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) mRNA and immunoreactivity in experimental acute inflammatory brain injury.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Ten rats were inoculated with pneumococcus to establish the model of bacterial inflammatory brain injury and other 6 rats were used as normal controls. At 24 h after inoculating, the expression of BDNF mRNA and BDNF protein in brain tissue was detected by in situ hybridization and immunohistochemical methods, respectively.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>The necrosis of neuron in cerebral cortex and hippocampus was observed after infection. The increase of BDNF mRNA expression in the cerebral cortex and hippocampus of experimental animals was demonstrated at 24 h after inoculation: (0.1194 +/- 0.02941 compared with 0.0662 +/- 0.01176)A and (0.1608 +/-0.01854 compared with 0.0680 +/- 0.00946)A (P<0.01), respectively. Compared with controls the expression of BDNF protein in the cerebral cortex and hippocampus was enhanced at 24 h of inoculation:(177.04+/-43.66 compared with 79.79+/-7.23)mm(2) (P<0.01) and (81.78 +/-37.47 compared with 42.98 +/-20.44)mm(2) (P<0.01), respectively. Strong positive hybridization and immunoreactivity were observed in the infiltrated inflammatory cell in leptomeninges, subarachnoid cavity, ventricles and brain parenchyma in the brain from the experimental rats.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The expression of BDNF mRNA and BDNF protein increases following brain inflammatory injury, which supports the hypothesis that BDNF may constitute intrinsic neuroprotective mechanism as a part of the inflammatory response.</p>